Introduction In recent years, integrated circuit chips have enabled increasingly powerful computing capabilities as advanced process nodes have moved from DUV (deep ultra-violet) to EUV (extreme ultra-violet) lithography, allowing for higher fabrication resolution and transistor density. Additionally, advanced multi-die packaging has seen increased market demand. As a … [Read more...]
Liquid Cooling Takes Center Stage at OpenCompute Summit 2024
OCP Global Summit started this week in San Jose and as to be expected, two topics are getting all the attention –AI Compute and Liquid Cooling. Apart from these two, co-packaged optics (CPO) is another topic that has garnered much interest this year at the summit. As for liquid cooling, the market adoption has been primarily in using facility water via coolant distribution … [Read more...]
Power Density In the Context of Two-Phase Immersion Cooling
Abstract Data centers face challenges in balancing space and power, with studies showing that when power density exceeds 7kW per rack, IT equipment space utilization drops to 50%. Traditional cooling methods are reaching limits due to increasing demands from deep learning and AI, necessitating more space. Two-phase immersion cooling offers simplicity and cost savings … [Read more...]
The Critical Radius in Cylindrical Systems
In the current world of heat transfer analysis, most work is performed with numerical simulation. However, there are analysis methods, which are faster and useful for early estimates or even design guidance, that are beneficial to thermal engineers. A recent ECM article [1] mentioned the concept of the critical radius when discussing the cooling/insulating effect of wire … [Read more...]
Thermocouple Transient Behavior
Previous articles in this series described how thermocouple wire size [1] and thermocouple attachment method [2] can affect steady state temperature measurements. This article briefly discusses how these factors can affect the transient response of thermocouples when used to monitor temperatures that change value over time. Bare Thermocouple Junction Before addressing … [Read more...]
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