Introduction The previous column in this series described methods for assessing whether a set of data was normally distributed [1]. In the event that data is shown to not have a normal distribution, one might ask how to conduct a statistical analysis on it given that many statistical tests are developed on the assumption that the data are normal. For example, how can two … [Read more...]
Rapid and Accurate Analytical Model for Predicting Axial Fan Performance in Electronics Cooling
Introduction Forced air cooling remains essential for dissipating the heat generated by high-power-density devices in modern electronics [1]. Axial fans are widely used in information technology, telecommunications, automotive, and aerospace applications for air cooling. The aerodynamic performance (P-Q) curve of fans is essential for designing and optimizing air cooling … [Read more...]
Hydraulic and Thermal Characteristic of a Double-Sided Cold Plate. Part 1: CFD Analysis
Introduction Many programs geared toward the design of autonomous vehicles have been initiated in recent years. Waymo, Cruise, Baidu, Argo AI, Uber, Lyft, and Tesla are among the innovative self-driving car companies. Advances in autonomous technologies will require enhanced thermal protection of critical electronics to ensure optimized performance, health, and … [Read more...]
Guide to Simulation of Vapor Chambers as Anisotropic Conduction Heat Spreaders
Introduction Vapor chambers are passive two-phase devices used to spread heat from localized hotspots to larger surface areas. The device utilizes the latent heat of evaporation of an internal fluid to passively transport heat from the evaporator (heat source) to the condenser (heat sink) across very low-temperature drops. Condensed liquid returns to the evaporator from the … [Read more...]
Generative Design and Advanced 3D Printing: A Copper CPU Cooler with 55% Lower Thermal Resistance
Introduction Effective cooling is essential for CPUs, as they generate significant heat during operation while being very temperature sensitive. Improved cooling allows for maintaining the functionality of high-performance computer hardware. In this article, we demonstrate a unique approach to improving the cooling of high-performance components by combining thermal and … [Read more...]
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