About 10-15 years ago, fluids, either directly (mainly Fluorocarbons), or indirectly (cold plates flushed with water) cooled the majority of mainframe computers. Nowadays, the expected increase in heat flux density causes a renewed interest in either passive or active liquid cooling, because the limits of air cooling come within reach. Other practical applications in which … [Read more...]
High accuracy thermal interface resistance measurement using a transient method
Heat dissipation of active devices has become one of the limiting factors in further miniaturization. While component manufacturers succeed in decreasing the overall thermal resistance of their packages, the thermal interface resistance to the board becomes the next limiting factor. Therefore, understanding interface and contact resistances becomes increasingly important for … [Read more...]
How Thermal Conductivity Relates to Electrical Conductivity
Because the accurate determination of thermal conductivity is a demanding task (often not recognized by either designers or vendors), methods, based on the measurement of another physical property that is uniquely coupled to thermal conductivity, are very challenging. One such method is based on the so-called Wiedemann-Franz Law, which links the thermal conductivity to the … [Read more...]
Thermal conductivity of composite materials
A composite material can be defined as a material in which two or more different materials are bonded together. It is sensible to make a distinction between macrocomposites and microcomposites. The first group usually has a layered structure, and PCBs are the main application. The second group looks uniform to the naked eye; materials from this group are often used for packages … [Read more...]
The thermal conductivity of ceramics
Ceramics are increasingly used in packages and printed circuit boards, because they have a number of advantages over plastics: much higher thermal conductivity, possible match of the coefficient of thermal expansion, and hermetic sealing. Unfortunately, the cost of ceramics is still much higher than that of plastics, prohibiting their use in low-cost high-volume products. … [Read more...]
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