Introduction During the last ten years, developments in LED semiconductors have led to an important change in LED applications from that of luminous indicator to that of illuminator. With LEDs now advancing into several lighting fields, LEDs have become one of the standard methods of producing light, joining more traditional sources such as incandescent, fluorescent and … [Read more...]
The Seebeck Coefficient
In this issue, we address the Seebeck coefficient, a property that determines the performance of thermocouples and Peltier elements. Basically, the Seebeck coefficient is related to the fact that electrons are both carriers of electricity and heat. If a temperature gradient exists over a piece of electrically conductive wire, there is a net diffusion of electrons from the hot … [Read more...]
Thermal Conductivity of Solders
Soldering has been a primary method of establishing mechanical and electrical connections in electronics for many years and will likely be used in this fashion in the future. While there are several physical properties and characteristics of solders that are of interest to the electronics community at large, one of the most significant physical properties to a thermal engineer … [Read more...]
Solid-State Microrefrigerator on a Chip
Introduction Temperature control of microelectronic devices has become more important in recent years. Device miniaturization and higher switching speeds have increased power dissipation substantially. Limiting the maximum die temperature has resulted in an increase of packaging complexity and cost. The failure rates resulting from electromigration and oxide breakdown are … [Read more...]
So Many Chips, So Little Time; Device Temperature Prediction in Multi-Chip Packages
Introduction The same trend that has led to ever-higher levels of integration of computation and processing functions on a single chip is now driving the integration of several chips into the same package. The use of multi-chip packages (MCPs) enables miniaturization of a circuit when it is not practical to incorporate all of the desired functionality on a single chip. The … [Read more...]
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