Advances in microfabrication processes have led to a continuous miniaturization of Field Effect Transistors (FET) that contain semiconductor (e.g., silicon), insulator (e.g., silicon dioxide), and metallic (e.g., copper interconnects) layers only a few nanometers thick. Ever increasing demand for faster microprocessors and the continuous trend to pack more transistors on a … [Read more...]
In the data center, power and cooling costs more than the it equipment it supports
Historically, the cost of energy and the cost of the data center power and cooling infrastructure have not been on the radar for most Chief Financial Officers (CFO) and Chief Information Officers (CIO) and have not been considered in TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) models. As a result, almost all of the focus has been on driving down the cost of IT equipment in the data center. … [Read more...]
Adhesion of Thermal Interface Materials for CPU Heatsinks, an Overlooked Issue
High performance thermal interface materials (TIMs) inserted between the CPU lid and heatsink - generally referred to as the "TIM2" - provide a reworkable low resistance thermal path in the package stack-up. It is well-recognized that users need to monitor the thermal performance of the TIMs to verify vendor data [1, 2]. Less well-known is that the TIM2 can also mechanically … [Read more...]
Using a simple air recirculation model to explore computer rack cooling
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of simple computer rack air recirculation model. Figure 2. Schematic diagram of computer rack air recirculation model with heat exchanger in rear of computer rack. In an article in the November 2006 issue of ElectronicsCooling it was noted that “advances in computer clusters have resulted in the introduction of higher density server … [Read more...]
Thermal conductivity of common alloys in electronics packaging
Thermal conductivity of common alloys in electronics packaging Jim Wilson, Associate Technical Editor Property Thermal Conductivity (W/mK) @25°C CTE (ppm/°C) @25°C Copper 395 17.1 Aluminum 200 23.5 CuMo 160-185 7.0-9.0 CuW 180-220 6.5-8.5 Kovar 17 5.9 Alloy42 12-15 4-6 Invar + … [Read more...]
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