Introduction During the last ten years, developments in LED semiconductors have led to an important change in LED applications from that of luminous indicator to that of illuminator. With LEDs now advancing into several lighting fields, LEDs have become one of the standard methods of producing light, joining more traditional sources such as incandescent, fluorescent and … [Read more...]
The Seebeck Coefficient
In this issue, we address the Seebeck coefficient, a property that determines the performance of thermocouples and Peltier elements. Basically, the Seebeck coefficient is related to the fact that electrons are both carriers of electricity and heat. If a temperature gradient exists over a piece of electrically conductive wire, there is a net diffusion of electrons from the hot … [Read more...]
Liquid Cooling Of A High-Density Computer Cluster
Introduction Recent advances in computer clusters have resulted in the introduction of higher density server equipment that consumes significant amounts of electrical power and produces an extraordinary amount of heat. Due to this latter attribute, which has alarming consequences with regard to thermal management, the installation of modern computer clusters will require … [Read more...]
Effect Of Improved Thermoelectric Zts On Electronic Module Coolability
In recent years there has been a growing interest in the application of thermoelectrics to electronics cooling. Attention has been focused on thermoelectric cooling both as a possible means to enhance module cooling and to address the chip hot spot problem. Effort has been directed towards the development of new bulk materials and thin film micro-coolers. The usefulness of … [Read more...]
Packaging Challenges For High Heat Flux Devices
Introduction It comes as no surprise to anyone in our industry that device power levels are increasing to support customer expectations of ever greater functionality and performance. The greatest thermal challenges in computing occur in the packaging of processors. This results not only from the fact that processors typically have the largest overall power dissipation in a … [Read more...]
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