Introduction The thermal design of today's electronic equipment relies significantly on the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software for the prediction of electronics operational temperature. In the early to intermediate product design phase, CFD analysis is used to select a cooling strategy and refine a thermal design by parametric analysis. In the final design … [Read more...]
Surface Flatness
Surface flatness is an important issue for thermal designers as it is directly related to thermal contact resistance between surfaces. In this column, the definitions of surface flatness related parameters are discussed. These definitions are presented here as in the ASME B46.1-1995 standard [1]. Surfaces are characterized by three main parameters: roughness, waviness, and … [Read more...]
Simple Formulas for Estimating Thermal Spreading Resistance
A problem commonly encountered in the thermal analysis of electronic packages is that of thermal spreading resistance. Thermal spreading resistance occurs as heat flows by conduction between a source and a sink with different cross-sectional areas. Examples of two situations involving spreading heat flow are shown in Figure 1. One example is that of a chip mounted on the bottom … [Read more...]
Thermal Interface Materials: A Brief Review of Design Characteristics and Materials
Introduction In the past few decades, as microprocessors have continued to evolve along Moore's law, providing increased functionality and performance, there has been an associated increase in cooling demand driven both by the increase in raw power and in local power densities on the die, commonly referred to as "hot spots"[1, 2]. Considerable attention has therefore been given … [Read more...]
The Temperature Ratings Of Electronic Parts
Introduction Semiconductor parts are most often specified for use in the "commercial" 0 to 70°C and, to a lesser extent, in the "industrial" -40 to 85°C operating temperature range. These operating temperature ratings generally satisfy the demands of the dominant semiconductor customers in the computer, telecommunications, and consumer electronic industries. There is also a … [Read more...]
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