Introduction Small Form Factor (SFF) optical transceiver packages for use at 1-2 Gbits/s data rates have been described by several authors [1-5]. These rely on dual miniature optical connectors such as the MT-RJ or the LC to provide optical-component case widths as small as one centimeter. Passive alignment of the optical fibers with the active optical devices is achieved with … [Read more...]
Critical Cooling Issues in High Power Radio Frequency Transmitter Amplifiers
Introduction While emerging methodologies correctly insist that thermal engineers should be involved right from the early conceptual stages of electronics product design [1], many situations still require thermal analysis well after the introduction of the product to its intended application. Military transmitters installed in the 1980's and 1990's and still in operation today … [Read more...]
Cooling Issues for Automotive Electronics
Electronic content in cars and trucks has significantly increased in the last 30 years. Much of the functional content of these vehicles is now generated or controlled by electronic systems. This trend will continue in the future, as more mechanical functions are converted to electronic and electrical functions. A list of many current automotive electronic functions can be … [Read more...]
Cooling Technology Options
(Editor's Note: Part 2 of this article will appear in the November 2003 issue of ElectronicsCooling.) Cooling electronic systems is one of the major focal points of the design process and the key to a successful product launch. Many options to attain successful operation are available, ranging from passive cooling to cryogenics. These options are obviously power dissipation … [Read more...]
Hot Spots in Data Centers
Heat loads of data processing equipment continue to increase at a rapid rate. This increasing heat load has been documented by a Thermal Management Consortium of 17 companies [1] as shown in Figure 1. Also shown in this figure are measured heat fluxes (based on product footprint) of some recent product announcements. The most recent shows a rack dissipating 28,500 watts, … [Read more...]
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