The aerospace, electronic, and optical industries often involve environments where outgassing from adhesives can pose significant challenges. When exposed to vacuum or elevated temperatures, conventional adhesives may release volatile compounds, leading to contamination or performance degradation of sensitive components. To mitigate these risks, engineers might consider low … [Read more...]
Calculation Corner: Properties of Humid Air
INTRODUCTION Long time readers may recall that one answer to the question of how humidity changes the thermal conductivity of air is “Nothing to worry about” [1]. Generally, the effect of humidity on air properties is small enough that it can be neglected. However, at high ambient temperatures and low pressure, humidity effects may need to be addressed in applications such as … [Read more...]
Calculation Corner: A Simple Method for Estimating Radiation Heat Transfer
This article describes a semi-empirical equation that can be used to assess radiation heat transfer in terms of an effective convection coefficient. The effective convection coefficient due to radiation is shown to be: Where temperatures are in °C and ε is the emissivity of the radiating surface. This equation is accurate to within ~10% over a temperature range of 0 - … [Read more...]
Epoxy Certified for UL 1203 Standard
UL 1203 certified epoxy for Explosion-Proof and Dust-Ignition-Proof Electrical Equipment for Use in Hazardous Locations Underwriters Laboratories (UL) 1203 is defined as the “Standard for Explosion-Proof and Dust-Ignition-Proof Electrical Equipment for Use in Hazardous (Classified) Locations”. To certify an epoxy for the UL1203, sample castings are exposed to saturated vapors … [Read more...]
Bad Data!
Overview Sometimes, regardless of how carefully we conduct testing to gather data, we end up with results that just seem wrong. This could be a sign that we have stumbled upon an earth-shattering breakthrough that will change the world’s understanding of fundamental physics1 …. or, it’s possible that a mistake in the testing led to bad data. This column will discuss a few … [Read more...]
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