Introduction During the last ten years, developments in LED semiconductors have led to an important change in LED applications from that of luminous indicator to that of illuminator. With LEDs now advancing into several lighting fields, LEDs have become one of the standard methods of producing light, joining more traditional sources such as incandescent, fluorescent and … [Read more...]
Exploring the Limits of Air Cooling
Introduction Heat from electronic devices is an integral part of information processing, not a nuisance that can someday be eliminated. This is a physical principle that is independent of the device of information processing. However, when viewed in the historical perspective, the severity of heat problems has not monotonically increased. It came to the fore some time ago, … [Read more...]
Micropumping Technologies for Electronics Cooling
Introduction Traditional cooling approaches, consisting typically of external air-cooled heat sinks, are increasingly falling short in meeting the thermal management challenges of emerging electronic systems. Integrated cooling designs are being investigated to eliminate some of the interface contact resistances introduced by add-on heat sinking and to minimize package … [Read more...]
Integrated Circuit Package Types And Thermal Characteristics
Introduction Integrated circuits range in power consumption from mW (or maybe microwatts) to hundreds of Watts with the number of electrical connections to the next level packaging ranging from eight to over 1,000. With such a broad range of interesting packaging to consider, it is no wonder that any simple generalizations will always find exceptions. This review article will … [Read more...]
Thermal Resistance Comparison Of Graphite Foam, Aluminum, And Copper Heat Sinks
Introduction With thermal solutions becoming more challenging, there is a push for novel cooling ideas or materials to further mitigate thermal issues facing today's electronics. In these design situations, the proven method of analytical calculations, modeling, and laboratory testing is sometimes bypassed in the search for a quick "cure-all" solution. Evolutionary progress is … [Read more...]
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