Power densities in electronic subsystems continue to increase, driving demand for more extreme cooling power alternatives that increasingly include liquid cooling as a viable candidate. To optimize thermal management efficiency, sustainability and reliability, designers of systems that use liquid cooling are exploring innovative combinations of component materials, including … [Read more...]

The previous articles in this series [1, 2] described how the mean and standard deviations of a set of data are calculated and how they can be used to estimate the characteristics of a population using the normal distribution. Since measured data typically represents only a subset of an entire population, one should recognize that the estimated mean and standard deviation … [Read more...]