Thermomechanical stresses and deformations are the major contributors to malfunctions of, and failures in, microelectronics and photonics devices, packages and systems. In microelectronics, the most serious consequences of the elevated thermal stresses are usually associated with mechanical (structural) failures (e.g., ductile rupture, brittle fracture, failures due to fatigue, … [Read more...]
Use of Naphthalene Sublimation Technique for Obtaining Accurate Heat Transfer Coefficients in Electronic Cooling Applications
The naphthalene sublimation technique has been demonstrated by a number of investigators to be an excellent method for obtaining heat transfer results [1,2] and a few have applied this technique to applications focused on electronic cooling [3-6]. These investigators have found that the mass transfer process can be set up with cleaner boundary conditions and can be studied more … [Read more...]
Vapor Compression Cooling for High Performance Applications
Vapor compression refrigeration is being adapted to cool computer and telecommunications equipment in a limited number of high performance applications. Vapor compression can lift large heat loads and can heat sink at below ambient temperatures. Cold plates can offset high case-to-junction temperature gradients to keep high power integrated circuits from overheating and/or can … [Read more...]
Dimensional Analysis for Package Designers
The care with which we express the dimensions of important parameters makes the difference between conveying useful information or conveying useless or misleading data. Taking the issue of units one more step, the purpose of this article is to suggest that we occasionally organize our work to get rid of dimensions altogether. We must live in a dimensional world. A critical … [Read more...]
Simplified Formula for Estimating Natural Convection Heat Transfer Coefficient on a Flat Plate
Although most of the emphasis today in the electronics cooling community is devoted to extending forced convection cooling capability, many applications still depend upon natural convection cooling. Basically, natural convection cooling combined with radiation is what results when a fan is not used in the cooling design to move air. Instead, movement of the air is induced by … [Read more...]
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