In this issue, we address the Seebeck coefficient, a property that determines the performance of thermocouples and Peltier elements. Basically, the Seebeck coefficient is related to the fact that electrons are both carriers of electricity and heat. If a temperature gradient exists over a piece of electrically conductive wire, there is a net diffusion of electrons from the hot … [Read more...]
Comparing Liquid Coolants From Both A Thermal And Hydraulic Perspective
In the May 2006 issue the Calculation Corner focused on the comparison of liquid coolants using the Mouromtseff number [1]. For single phase forced convection, Mouromtseff found this figure of merit, Mo, to follow the form where ρ, k, cp, and � represent the density, thermal conductivity, specific heat (at constant pressure) and dynamic viscosity of the fluid. The … [Read more...]
Exploring the Limits of Air Cooling
Introduction Heat from electronic devices is an integral part of information processing, not a nuisance that can someday be eliminated. This is a physical principle that is independent of the device of information processing. However, when viewed in the historical perspective, the severity of heat problems has not monotonically increased. It came to the fore some time ago, … [Read more...]
Packaging Challenges For High Heat Flux Devices
Introduction It comes as no surprise to anyone in our industry that device power levels are increasing to support customer expectations of ever greater functionality and performance. The greatest thermal challenges in computing occur in the packaging of processors. This results not only from the fact that processors typically have the largest overall power dissipation in a … [Read more...]
So Many Chips, So Little Time; Device Temperature Prediction in Multi-Chip Packages
Introduction The same trend that has led to ever-higher levels of integration of computation and processing functions on a single chip is now driving the integration of several chips into the same package. The use of multi-chip packages (MCPs) enables miniaturization of a circuit when it is not practical to incorporate all of the desired functionality on a single chip. The … [Read more...]
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